Warenwirtschaft: AP-48 — Produktbestand-Buchungsgründe pflegbar, getrennt Ein/Aus

Kundenentscheid 26.08. (D-5): Eingang und Ausgang haben eigene, pflegbare
Gründe-Listen statt einer festen Liste im Controller.

- Neues Modell/Tabelle stock_movement_reasons (label, direction in/out, pos,
  active, SoftDeletes) inkl. Seed der bisherigen Gründe sinnvoll auf Ein-/Ausgang
  aufgeteilt.
- CRUD wie DisposalReason (SettingCrudController + FormRequest + Formular mit
  Richtungs-Auswahl); zwei Listen (Eingangs-/Ausgangs-Gründe) auf der Seite
  Einstellungen → Allgemeines, „Neu anlegen" mit vorbelegter Richtung.
- Produktbestand-Maske: das Grund-Dropdown wird jetzt je nach Eingang/Ausgang
  per JS aus den passenden, gepflegten Gründen befüllt (manualReasons entfernt).
- DeletionGuard: StockMovementReason immer löschbar.

Migration create_stock_movement_reasons auf Dev-/Live-DB. 4 Tests, Suite 326 grün.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Inventory/GeneralSettingController.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Models\DeliveryTime;
 use App\Models\DisposalReason;
+use App\Models\StockMovementReason;
 use App\Models\StorageRoom;
 use App\Models\StorageShelf;
 use App\Models\StorageSlot;
@@ -19,6 +20,9 @@ class GeneralSettingController extends Controller
             'taxRates' => TaxRate::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('percent')->get(),
             'deliveryTimes' => DeliveryTime::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
             'disposalReasons' => DisposalReason::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
+            // AP-48: Buchungsgründe Produktbestand, getrennt nach Eingang/Ausgang.
+            'stockReasonsIn' => StockMovementReason::query()->where('direction', 'in')->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
+            'stockReasonsOut' => StockMovementReason::query()->where('direction', 'out')->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
             'storageRooms' => StorageRoom::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
             'storageShelves' => StorageShelf::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
             'storageSlots' => StorageSlot::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Inventory/ProductStockController.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Http\Requests\Inventory\StoreProductStockMovementRequest;
 use App\Models\Product;
 use App\Models\ProductStockMovement;
+use App\Models\StockMovementReason;
 use App\Services\ProductStockService;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -59,10 +60,23 @@ class ProductStockController extends Controller
 
         return view('admin.inventory.product-stock.index', [
             'rows' => $rows,
-            'reasons' => $this->manualReasons(),
+            // AP-48: getrennte, pflegbare Buchungsgründe je Richtung.
+            'reasonsIn' => $this->reasonsFor('in'),
+            'reasonsOut' => $this->reasonsFor('out'),
         ]);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    protected function reasonsFor(string $direction): array
+    {
+        return StockMovementReason::query()->active()
+            ->where('direction', $direction)
+            ->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')
+            ->pluck('label')->all();
+    }
+
     public function storeMovement(StoreProductStockMovementRequest $request, Product $product): RedirectResponse
     {
         $data = $request->validated();
@@ -127,22 +141,6 @@ class ProductStockController extends Controller
         ]);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @return array<int, string>
-     */
-    protected function manualReasons(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            __('Initialbestand'),
-            __('Korrektur'),
-            __('Inventur'),
-            __('Retoure'),
-            __('Testervergabe'),
-            __('Verlust / Bruch'),
-            __('Sonstiges'),
-        ];
-    }
-
     /**
      * @return array<int, int>
      */

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Inventory/StockMovementReasonController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory;
+
+use App\Http\Requests\Inventory\StoreStockMovementReasonRequest;
+use App\Models\StockMovementReason;
+
+class StockMovementReasonController extends SettingCrudController
+{
+    protected function modelClass(): string
+    {
+        return StockMovementReason::class;
+    }
+
+    protected function viewPrefix(): string
+    {
+        return 'admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons';
+    }
+
+    protected function redirectRoute(): string
+    {
+        return 'admin.inventory.general';
+    }
+
+    protected function storeRequestClass(): string
+    {
+        return StoreStockMovementReasonRequest::class;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Neu-Formular mit vorbelegter Richtung (aus ?direction=in|out).
+     *
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    protected function newModelAttributes(): array
+    {
+        $direction = in_array(request()->query('direction'), ['in', 'out'], true)
+            ? request()->query('direction')
+            : 'in';
+
+        return ['active' => true, 'pos' => 0, 'direction' => $direction];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    protected function indexOrder(): array
+    {
+        return ['direction', 'pos', 'label'];
+    }
+}