Warenwirtschaft: AP-48 — Produktbestand-Buchungsgründe pflegbar, getrennt Ein/Aus

Kundenentscheid 26.08. (D-5): Eingang und Ausgang haben eigene, pflegbare
Gründe-Listen statt einer festen Liste im Controller.

- Neues Modell/Tabelle stock_movement_reasons (label, direction in/out, pos,
  active, SoftDeletes) inkl. Seed der bisherigen Gründe sinnvoll auf Ein-/Ausgang
  aufgeteilt.
- CRUD wie DisposalReason (SettingCrudController + FormRequest + Formular mit
  Richtungs-Auswahl); zwei Listen (Eingangs-/Ausgangs-Gründe) auf der Seite
  Einstellungen → Allgemeines, „Neu anlegen" mit vorbelegter Richtung.
- Produktbestand-Maske: das Grund-Dropdown wird jetzt je nach Eingang/Ausgang
  per JS aus den passenden, gepflegten Gründen befüllt (manualReasons entfernt).
- DeletionGuard: StockMovementReason immer löschbar.

Migration create_stock_movement_reasons auf Dev-/Live-DB. 4 Tests, Suite 326 grün.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Inventory/GeneralSettingController.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Models\DeliveryTime;
 use App\Models\DisposalReason;
+use App\Models\StockMovementReason;
 use App\Models\StorageRoom;
 use App\Models\StorageShelf;
 use App\Models\StorageSlot;
@@ -19,6 +20,9 @@ class GeneralSettingController extends Controller
             'taxRates' => TaxRate::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('percent')->get(),
             'deliveryTimes' => DeliveryTime::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
             'disposalReasons' => DisposalReason::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
+            // AP-48: Buchungsgründe Produktbestand, getrennt nach Eingang/Ausgang.
+            'stockReasonsIn' => StockMovementReason::query()->where('direction', 'in')->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
+            'stockReasonsOut' => StockMovementReason::query()->where('direction', 'out')->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
             'storageRooms' => StorageRoom::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
             'storageShelves' => StorageShelf::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),
             'storageSlots' => StorageSlot::query()->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')->get(),

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Inventory/ProductStockController.php

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
 use App\Http\Requests\Inventory\StoreProductStockMovementRequest;
 use App\Models\Product;
 use App\Models\ProductStockMovement;
+use App\Models\StockMovementReason;
 use App\Services\ProductStockService;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
@@ -59,10 +60,23 @@ class ProductStockController extends Controller
 
         return view('admin.inventory.product-stock.index', [
             'rows' => $rows,
-            'reasons' => $this->manualReasons(),
+            // AP-48: getrennte, pflegbare Buchungsgründe je Richtung.
+            'reasonsIn' => $this->reasonsFor('in'),
+            'reasonsOut' => $this->reasonsFor('out'),
         ]);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    protected function reasonsFor(string $direction): array
+    {
+        return StockMovementReason::query()->active()
+            ->where('direction', $direction)
+            ->orderBy('pos')->orderBy('label')
+            ->pluck('label')->all();
+    }
+
     public function storeMovement(StoreProductStockMovementRequest $request, Product $product): RedirectResponse
     {
         $data = $request->validated();
@@ -127,22 +141,6 @@ class ProductStockController extends Controller
         ]);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @return array<int, string>
-     */
-    protected function manualReasons(): array
-    {
-        return [
-            __('Initialbestand'),
-            __('Korrektur'),
-            __('Inventur'),
-            __('Retoure'),
-            __('Testervergabe'),
-            __('Verlust / Bruch'),
-            __('Sonstiges'),
-        ];
-    }
-
     /**
      * @return array<int, int>
      */

app/Http/Controllers/Admin/Inventory/StockMovementReasonController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory;
+
+use App\Http\Requests\Inventory\StoreStockMovementReasonRequest;
+use App\Models\StockMovementReason;
+
+class StockMovementReasonController extends SettingCrudController
+{
+    protected function modelClass(): string
+    {
+        return StockMovementReason::class;
+    }
+
+    protected function viewPrefix(): string
+    {
+        return 'admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons';
+    }
+
+    protected function redirectRoute(): string
+    {
+        return 'admin.inventory.general';
+    }
+
+    protected function storeRequestClass(): string
+    {
+        return StoreStockMovementReasonRequest::class;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Neu-Formular mit vorbelegter Richtung (aus ?direction=in|out).
+     *
+     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     */
+    protected function newModelAttributes(): array
+    {
+        $direction = in_array(request()->query('direction'), ['in', 'out'], true)
+            ? request()->query('direction')
+            : 'in';
+
+        return ['active' => true, 'pos' => 0, 'direction' => $direction];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    protected function indexOrder(): array
+    {
+        return ['direction', 'pos', 'label'];
+    }
+}

app/Http/Requests/Inventory/StoreStockMovementReasonRequest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Requests\Inventory;
+
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
+use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+
+class StoreStockMovementReasonRequest extends FormRequest
+{
+    public function authorize(): bool
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, array<int, mixed>>
+     */
+    public function rules(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'label' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
+            'direction' => ['required', Rule::in(['in', 'out'])],
+            'active' => ['sometimes', 'boolean'],
+            'pos' => ['nullable', 'integer', 'min:0', 'max:255'],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    protected function prepareForValidation(): void
+    {
+        $this->merge([
+            'active' => $this->boolean('active'),
+            'pos' => $this->input('pos', '') === '' ? 0 : $this->input('pos'),
+        ]);
+    }
+}

app/Models/StockMovementReason.php

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes;
+
+/**
+ * AP-48: Pflegbarer Buchungsgrund für den Produktbestand, getrennt nach Richtung
+ * (in = Eingang, out = Ausgang).
+ */
+class StockMovementReason extends Model
+{
+    use SoftDeletes;
+
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'label',
+        'direction',
+        'active',
+        'pos',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<string, string>
+     */
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'active' => 'boolean',
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  Builder<StockMovementReason>  $query
+     * @return Builder<StockMovementReason>
+     */
+    public function scopeActive(Builder $query): Builder
+    {
+        return $query->where('active', true);
+    }
+}

app/Services/DeletionGuard.php

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use App\Models\ProductionIngredient;
 use App\Models\ProductionPackaging;
 use App\Models\StockDisposal;
 use App\Models\StockEntry;
+use App\Models\StockMovementReason;
 use App\Models\StorageSegment;
 use App\Models\Supplier;
 use App\Models\SupplierCategory;
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ class DeletionGuard
             // Bewusst immer löschbar (keine eingehenden Referenzen):
             $model instanceof DeliveryTime,
             $model instanceof DisposalReason,
+            $model instanceof StockMovementReason,
             $model instanceof StockDisposal,
             $model instanceof Production => [],
             default => [],

database/migrations/2026_08_26_150000_create_stock_movement_reasons_table.php

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * AP-48 (Kundenentscheid 26.08.2026): Buchungsgründe für den Produktbestand
+     * werden pflegbar — mit GETRENNTEN Listen für Eingang und Ausgang. Bisher waren
+     * die Gründe fest im Controller hinterlegt (eine Liste für beide Richtungen).
+     */
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('stock_movement_reasons', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->string('label', 100);
+            $table->enum('direction', ['in', 'out']);
+            $table->unsignedTinyInteger('pos')->default(0);
+            $table->boolean('active')->default(true);
+            $table->timestamps();
+            $table->softDeletes();
+        });
+
+        $now = now();
+        $seed = [
+            'in' => ['Initialbestand', 'Korrektur', 'Inventur', 'Retoure', 'Sonstiges'],
+            'out' => ['Korrektur', 'Inventur', 'Testervergabe', 'Verlust / Bruch', 'Sonstiges'],
+        ];
+        $rows = [];
+        foreach ($seed as $direction => $labels) {
+            foreach ($labels as $pos => $label) {
+                $rows[] = [
+                    'label' => $label,
+                    'direction' => $direction,
+                    'pos' => $pos,
+                    'active' => true,
+                    'created_at' => $now,
+                    'updated_at' => $now,
+                ];
+            }
+        }
+        DB::table('stock_movement_reasons')->insert($rows);
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('stock_movement_reasons');
+    }
+};

resources/views/admin/inventory/general/index.blade.php

@@ -173,6 +173,59 @@
             </div>
         </div>
 
+        {{-- AP-48: Buchungsgründe Produktbestand — getrennte Listen für Eingang und Ausgang --}}
+        @foreach ([['in', __('Eingangs-Gründe (Produktbestand)'), $stockReasonsIn], ['out', __('Ausgangs-Gründe (Produktbestand)'), $stockReasonsOut]] as [$dir, $title, $reasons])
+            <div class="wawi-card">
+                <div class="wawi-card__header">
+                    <span>{{ $title }}</span>
+                    <a href="{{ route('admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons.create', ['direction' => $dir]) }}" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">{{ __('Neu anlegen') }}</a>
+                </div>
+                <div class="table-responsive">
+                    <table class="table wawi-table">
+                        <thead>
+                            <tr>
+                                <th style="max-width: 60px;">&nbsp;</th>
+                                <th>{{ __('Bezeichnung') }}</th>
+                                <th>{{ __('Status') }}</th>
+                                <th></th>
+                            </tr>
+                        </thead>
+                        <tbody>
+                            @forelse($reasons as $reason)
+                                <tr>
+                                    <td>
+                                        <a href="{{ route('admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons.edit', $reason) }}" class="btn icon-btn btn-sm btn-primary">
+                                            <span class="far fa-edit"></span>
+                                        </a>
+                                    </td>
+                                    <td>{{ $reason->label }}</td>
+                                    <td>
+                                        @if ($reason->active)
+                                            <span class="wawi-pill wawi-pill--ok">{{ __('Aktiv') }}</span>
+                                        @else
+                                            <span class="wawi-pill wawi-pill--danger">{{ __('Inaktiv') }}</span>
+                                        @endif
+                                    </td>
+                                    <td>
+                                        <form action="{{ route('admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons.destroy', $reason) }}" method="post" class="d-inline"
+                                            onsubmit="return confirm('{{ __('Really delete entry?') }}');">
+                                            @csrf
+                                            @method('DELETE')
+                                            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-link text-danger p-0" title="{{ __('Delete') }}"><i class="far fa-trash-alt"></i></button>
+                                        </form>
+                                    </td>
+                                </tr>
+                            @empty
+                                <tr>
+                                    <td colspan="4"><div class="wawi-empty">{{ __('Noch keine Gründe angelegt.') }}</div></td>
+                                </tr>
+                            @endforelse
+                        </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        @endforeach
+
         @include('admin.inventory.partials.setting-list-card', [
             'title' => __('Lagerorte: Räume'),
             'routePrefix' => 'admin.inventory.storage-rooms',

resources/views/admin/inventory/product-stock/index.blade.php

@@ -176,11 +176,8 @@
                             </div>
                             <div class="form-group">
                                 <label for="ps-move-reason">{{ __('Grund') }} <span class="text-danger">*</span></label>
-                                <select name="reason" id="ps-move-reason" class="form-control" required>
+                                {{-- AP-48: Optionen werden je Richtung (Eingang/Ausgang) per JS gefüllt --}}
-                                    @foreach ($reasons as $reason)
+                                <select name="reason" id="ps-move-reason" class="form-control" required></select>
-                                        <option value="{{ $reason }}">{{ $reason }}</option>
-                                    @endforeach
-                                </select>
                             </div>
                             <div class="form-group mb-0">
                                 <label for="ps-move-note">{{ __('Hinweis') }}</label>
@@ -247,6 +244,14 @@
 
             var moveTemplate = "{{ route('admin.inventory.product-stock.movement', ['product' => '__ID__']) }}";
             var moveStock = 0;
+            // AP-48: getrennte, pflegbare Buchungsgründe je Richtung.
+            var psReasons = {in: @json($reasonsIn), out: @json($reasonsOut)};
+            function psPopulateReasons(direction) {
+                var $sel = $('#ps-move-reason').empty();
+                (psReasons[direction] || []).forEach(function (r) {
+                    $sel.append($('<option></option>').val(r).text(r));
+                });
+            }
             $('.js-ps-move').on('click', function () {
                 var id = $(this).data('product');
                 var name = $(this).data('name');
@@ -254,6 +259,7 @@
                 moveStock = parseInt($(this).data('stock'), 10) || 0;
                 $('#ps-move-form').attr('action', moveTemplate.replace('__ID__', id));
                 $('#ps-move-direction').val(direction);
+                psPopulateReasons(direction);
                 $('#ps-move-product').text(name);
                 $('#ps-move-stock').text(moveStock);
                 $('#ps-move-title').text(direction === 'in' ? '{{ __('Eingang buchen') }}' : '{{ __('Ausgang buchen') }}');

resources/views/admin/inventory/stock-movement-reasons/form.blade.php

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+@extends('layouts.layout-2')
+
+@section('content')
+    <div class="card">
+        <h6 class="card-header">{{ $model->exists ? __('Buchungsgrund bearbeiten') : __('Buchungsgrund anlegen') }}</h6>
+        <div class="card-body">
+            <form method="post" action="{{ $model->exists ? route('admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons.update', $model) : route('admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons.store') }}">
+                @csrf
+                @if($model->exists)
+                    @method('PUT')
+                @endif
+
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="direction">{{ __('Richtung') }}</label>
+                    <select name="direction" id="direction" class="form-control @error('direction') is-invalid @enderror">
+                        <option value="in" @selected(old('direction', $model->direction) === 'in')>{{ __('Eingang') }}</option>
+                        <option value="out" @selected(old('direction', $model->direction) === 'out')>{{ __('Ausgang') }}</option>
+                    </select>
+                    @error('direction')
+                    <div class="invalid-feedback">{{ $message }}</div>
+                    @enderror
+                </div>
+
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="label">{{ __('Bezeichnung') }}</label>
+                    <input type="text" name="label" id="label" maxlength="100"
+                           class="form-control @error('label') is-invalid @enderror"
+                           value="{{ old('label', $model->label) }}" placeholder="{{ __('z. B. Retoure') }}" required>
+                    @error('label')
+                    <div class="invalid-feedback">{{ $message }}</div>
+                    @enderror
+                </div>
+
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="pos">{{ __('Sortierung') }}</label>
+                    <input type="number" name="pos" id="pos" min="0" max="255"
+                           class="form-control @error('pos') is-invalid @enderror"
+                           value="{{ old('pos', $model->pos) }}">
+                    @error('pos')
+                    <div class="invalid-feedback">{{ $message }}</div>
+                    @enderror
+                </div>
+
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label class="custom-control custom-checkbox">
+                        <input type="checkbox" name="active" value="1" class="custom-control-input"
+                               @checked(old('active', $model->active))>
+                        <span class="custom-control-label">{{ __('Aktiv') }}</span>
+                    </label>
+                </div>
+
+                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">{{ __('Speichern') }}</button>
+                <a href="{{ route('admin.inventory.general') }}" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">{{ __('Zurück') }}</a>
+            </form>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+@endsection

routes/web.php

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory\ProductStockController as InventoryProd
 use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory\RawMaterialStockController as InventoryRawMaterialStockController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory\StockDisposalController as InventoryStockDisposalController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory\StockEntryController as InventoryStockEntryController;
+use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory\StockMovementReasonController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory\StorageRoomController as InventoryStorageRoomController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory\StorageShelfController as InventoryStorageShelfController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\Admin\Inventory\StorageSlotController as InventoryStorageSlotController;
@@ -294,6 +295,7 @@ Route::domain(config('app.domain'))->group(function () {
             Route::resource('tax-rates', InventoryTaxRateController::class)->except(['index', 'show']);
             Route::resource('delivery-times', InventoryDeliveryTimeController::class)->except(['index', 'show']);
             Route::resource('disposal-reasons', InventoryDisposalReasonController::class)->except(['index', 'show']);
+            Route::resource('stock-movement-reasons', StockMovementReasonController::class)->except(['index', 'show']);
             Route::resource('storage-rooms', InventoryStorageRoomController::class)->except(['index', 'show']);
             Route::resource('storage-shelves', InventoryStorageShelfController::class)->except(['index', 'show']);
             Route::resource('storage-slots', InventoryStorageSlotController::class)->except(['index', 'show']);

tests/Feature/StockMovementReasonTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Models\StockMovementReason;
+use App\User;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+uses(TestCase::class, RefreshDatabase::class);
+
+function smrAdmin(): User
+{
+    $user = User::query()->create(['email' => uniqid('smr_', true).'@test.example', 'password' => bcrypt('password')]);
+    $user->forceFill(['admin' => 9, 'confirmed' => true, 'active' => true, 'wizard' => 100, 'blocked' => false])->save();
+
+    return $user->fresh();
+}
+
+test('AP-48: seed liefert getrennte gründe für eingang und ausgang', function () {
+    expect(StockMovementReason::query()->where('direction', 'in')->count())->toBeGreaterThan(0)
+        ->and(StockMovementReason::query()->where('direction', 'out')->count())->toBeGreaterThan(0)
+        // „Testervergabe" ist ein Ausgangs-, kein Eingangsgrund
+        ->and(StockMovementReason::query()->where('direction', 'out')->where('label', 'Testervergabe')->exists())->toBeTrue()
+        ->and(StockMovementReason::query()->where('direction', 'in')->where('label', 'Testervergabe')->exists())->toBeFalse();
+});
+
+test('AP-48: grund kann mit richtung angelegt werden', function () {
+    $this->actingAs(smrAdmin(), 'user');
+
+    $this->post(route('admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons.store'), [
+        'label' => 'AP48-Sonderentnahme',
+        'direction' => 'out',
+        'active' => '1',
+        'pos' => '3',
+    ])->assertRedirect(route('admin.inventory.general'));
+
+    $reason = StockMovementReason::query()->where('label', 'AP48-Sonderentnahme')->firstOrFail();
+    expect($reason->direction)->toBe('out')->and($reason->active)->toBeTrue();
+});
+
+test('AP-48: produktbestand-maske liefert die gründe je richtung', function () {
+    $this->actingAs(smrAdmin(), 'user');
+    StockMovementReason::query()->create(['label' => 'AP48-NurEingang', 'direction' => 'in', 'active' => true, 'pos' => 9]);
+
+    $this->get(route('admin.inventory.product-stock.index'))
+        ->assertSuccessful()
+        ->assertSee('AP48-NurEingang');
+});
+
+test('AP-48: grund ist immer löschbar', function () {
+    $this->actingAs(smrAdmin(), 'user');
+    $reason = StockMovementReason::query()->create(['label' => 'AP48-Weg', 'direction' => 'in', 'active' => true, 'pos' => 9]);
+
+    $this->delete(route('admin.inventory.stock-movement-reasons.destroy', $reason))
+        ->assertRedirect(route('admin.inventory.general'));
+
+    expect(StockMovementReason::query()->find($reason->id))->toBeNull();
+});