mail: Rückläufer aus dem Bounce-Postfach lesen (Roadmap 1b.6, Schritt 3)

webklex/laravel-imap als Transport, eigener DSN-Parser nach RFC 3464 auf
der rohen Nachricht: Final-Recipient, Action, Status, Diagnostic-Code und
unser X-Pk-Ref aus der Original-Nachricht. Maßgeblich ist Action —
Zustellbestätigungen sperren niemanden, Freitext-Rückläufer wandern nach
Unparsed vor einen Menschen, Abwesenheitsnotizen nach Ignored.
mail:fetch-bounces alle zehn Minuten; ohne Konto tut es nichts.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/Feature/BounceMailProcessingTest.php

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Enums\ActivityType;
+use App\Enums\EmailBounceKind;
+use App\Models\ActivityEvent;
+use App\Models\EmailBounce;
+use App\Services\Mail\BounceMailProcessor;
+use App\Services\Mail\DsnParser;
+use App\Services\Mail\EmailSuppressionService;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * Rückläufer aus dem Bounce-Postfach lesen (Roadmap 1b.6, Schritt 3):
+ * eigener DSN-Parser nach RFC 3464, kein Raten aus dem Fließtext.
+ */
+function bounceFixture(string $name): string
+{
+    return (string) file_get_contents(base_path("tests/Fixtures/bounces/{$name}.eml"));
+}
+
+test('a postfix hard bounce yields recipient, status, diagnostic and our reference header', function () {
+    /** @var TestCase $this */
+    $report = app(DsnParser::class)->parse(bounceFixture('hard-5.1.1'));
+
+    expect($report)->not->toBeNull()
+        ->and($report->messageId)->toBe('20260915071233.ABC123@mx.kasserver.com')
+        ->and($report->recipients)->toHaveCount(1)
+        ->and($report->recipients[0]['email'])->toBe('presse@alte-firma.example')
+        ->and($report->recipients[0]['action'])->toBe('failed')
+        ->and($report->recipients[0]['status'])->toBe('5.1.1')
+        ->and($report->recipients[0]['diagnostic'])->toContain('User unknown')
+        ->and($report->reference)->toBe('pm:4711:company:815')
+        ->and($report->receivedAt?->toDateString())->toBe('2026-09-15');
+});
+
+test('processing a hard bounce suppresses the address and keeps the reference', function () {
+    /** @var TestCase $this */
+    $result = app(BounceMailProcessor::class)->process(bounceFixture('hard-5.1.1'));
+
+    expect($result['folder'])->toBe(BounceMailProcessor::Processed)
+        ->and($result['bounces'])->toBe(1)
+        ->and(app(EmailSuppressionService::class)->isSuppressed('presse@alte-firma.example'))->toBeTrue()
+        ->and(EmailBounce::query()->first()->reference)->toBe('pm:4711:company:815')
+        ->and(EmailBounce::query()->first()->kind)->toBe(EmailBounceKind::Hard);
+
+    // Zweiter Durchlauf derselben Mail (abgebrochener Lauf): nichts doppelt.
+    app(BounceMailProcessor::class)->process(bounceFixture('hard-5.1.1'));
+    expect(EmailBounce::query()->count())->toBe(1);
+});
+
+test('a delayed report counts as a soft bounce and lower-case field names are fine', function () {
+    /** @var TestCase $this */
+    $result = app(BounceMailProcessor::class)->process(bounceFixture('delayed-4.4.1'));
+
+    expect($result['folder'])->toBe(BounceMailProcessor::Processed)
+        ->and(EmailBounce::query()->first()->kind)->toBe(EmailBounceKind::Soft)
+        ->and(EmailBounce::query()->first()->reference)->toBe('user:99')
+        ->and(app(EmailSuppressionService::class)->isSuppressed('voll@example.test'))->toBeFalse();
+});
+
+test('a delivery confirmation blocks nobody', function () {
+    /** @var TestCase $this */
+    $result = app(BounceMailProcessor::class)->process(bounceFixture('delivered'));
+
+    expect($result['folder'])->toBe(BounceMailProcessor::Ignored)
+        ->and(EmailBounce::query()->count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+test('free-text bounces are not guessed but parked for a human, auto-replies are ignored', function () {
+    /** @var TestCase $this */
+    $unparsed = app(BounceMailProcessor::class)->process(bounceFixture('freitext'));
+    $ooo = app(BounceMailProcessor::class)->process(bounceFixture('abwesenheit'));
+
+    expect($unparsed['folder'])->toBe(BounceMailProcessor::Unparsed)
+        ->and($ooo['folder'])->toBe(BounceMailProcessor::Ignored)
+        ->and(app(EmailSuppressionService::class)->isSuppressed('jemand@alter-server.example'))->toBeFalse()
+        ->and(ActivityEvent::query()->where('type', ActivityType::MailSuppressed->value)->where('description', 'like', '%nicht lesbar%')->exists())->toBeTrue();
+});
+
+test('the fetch command does nothing without a configured mailbox', function () {
+    /** @var TestCase $this */
+    config()->set('imap.accounts.bounces.host', null);
+
+    $this->artisan('mail:fetch-bounces')->expectsOutputToContain('nicht konfiguriert')->assertSuccessful();
+});